These enablers are reviewed in the next sections.

The enablers for overcoming this challenge include: cloud computing optimisation of group efforts and task delegation as well as socially-inclusive collaboration protocols. The challenge (as this study intends to address) is how to equip geographically dispersed teams with processes and tools that would allow multiple formats of communication, interaction and shared situational awareness for co- creation of virtual buildings.

For remote participants, however, using multiple communication channels simultaneously is central to successful virtual collaboration (Sher et al. It can nevertheless, be inferred that this group of collaborators experienced shared situational awareness collectively, since all participants were physically co-located.

Yet, the group often struggled to locate sketches scattered on the table at the conceptual stage of design (Mathews (2013). There was no real-time co-creation or remote control of computers, which is understandable since all members were co-located. This was done through instant communication that often led to discussions about design decisions. They also had to communicate each synchronisation event to other members. The advanced modelling skills of a specific team member were relied upon for the master BIM model and others synchronised their sub-models with the master model. The modelling of these elements became the responsibility of specific members. elements of building such as external walls, floors, internal walls and stair core). Students created a master BIM model which was then sub-divided into sub-models or work- sets (i.e. In another example of collaborative working in educational setting, architectural technology students of the Dublin Institute of Technology were tasked with developing a refurbished design for an existing building (Mathews 2013). Though these social-engagement concepts are aimed/tested primarily at educational settings, this sector is best placed to prepare a new generation of AEC professionals who are not ‘selfish collaborators’ (Fioravanti, 2008). This approach points to interesting potential of remote multimedia communications in a socially-engaging, virtual teaching and learning environment.

Revit server 2022